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ZUG, Switzerland, December 3, 2025 – Supra, the first MultiVM Layer-1 blockchain built for Automatic DeFi (AutoFi), announces Hydrangea++, an advancement of its Hydrangea consensus protocol designed to push blockchain performance toward the physical limits of information transmission.

Supra recognises that blockchain has lived with an unspoken truth: Every transaction, trade, mint and swap could have finalised far quicker. The barrier was not mathematics, cryptography or software design. It was physics.

For over fifteen years, blockchain systems have been engineered around these constraints rather than attempting to reduce them. Hydrangea++ aims to shift that direction.

A brief look back at Hydrangea

Hydrangea, Supra’s original consensus breakthrough, challenged the assumption that faster two-round commits weakened fault tolerance. It proved this was not a law of nature.

Hydrangea introduced two-round optimistic commits with strong resilience, incorporating:

• Byzantine faults (f)
• Crash faults (c)
• A tunable performance parameter (k)

Under optimistic conditions, Hydrangea finalises in two communication rounds. Under adversarial conditions, with up to f Byzantine faults and c crash faults, it completes in three rounds while preserving safety.

This research was referenced in the Ethereum Foundation’s August 2025 protocol update as part of its fast-finality track, placing it among a small set of designs considered relevant for Ethereum’s future evolution.

Hydrangea addressed a theoretical barrier. Hydrangea++ addresses the physical one.

Introducing Hydrangea++

Hydrangea++ integrates optimistic proposals from Supra’s Moonshot algorithm directly into Hydrangea’s resilience model. The result is a proposal pipeline that operates at one network delay. Traditional protocols require several rounds of signalling before a block can be proposed, creating a waiting period long treated as unavoidable. Hydrangea++ removes that delay entirely.

Supra positions this as a protocol designed to match the limit of the Internet itself.

Performance results

In benchmarks against Minimmit, the protocol developed by Commonware for the Tempo blockchain, Supra reports the following results across 51 nodes in ten global regions:

• Proposal latency: 1 network delay
• 11% lower end-to-end latency in geo-distributed tests
• 35% higher throughput under realistic conditions
• No reduction in security or fault tolerance
• Stable performance during jitter, packet loss, and node misbehaviour

“Hydrangea++ delivers fast finality without fragile assumptions. It is designed for the real-world Internet, where conditions fluctuate and faults happen, offering blazing-fast performance when the network is good and unwavering safety when it is not,” said Dr. Nibesh Shrestha, Lead Author and Supra Researcher. “Unlike prior protocols that force a choice between speed and resilience, Hydrangea++ offers both: two rounds when possible and three rounds when required.

“With a single delta-delay proposal and strong Byzantine fault tolerance, it breaks the long-standing latency and resilience trade-off. In summary, Hydrangea++ provides faster finality, more robust security and global-scale responsiveness in a single protocol.”

What building without limits enables

Hydrangea++ is not about shaving milliseconds. It is about removing the performance floor that has constrained DeFi, oracles and smart contracts since their inception.

With Hydrangea++:

• Markets move at the speed of information rather than block intervals
• Price oracles can update fast enough to prevent arbitrage gaps
• Liquidations occur at precise thresholds
• Multi-step transactions feel nearly atomic
• State propagates at physical speed instead of protocol-imposed speed
• Wallets and apps respond immediately
• Users experience finality almost before they register the click

When consensus stops slowing the system, applications behave the way users always expected.

“Speed only matters if it survives contact with reality. Hydrangea++ stays fast even when things go wrong, which is exactly when users need reliability the most,” said Joshua Tobkin, CEO and Co-Founder of Supra.

Part of a fully integrated stack

Hydrangea++ underpins Supra’s vertically integrated L1 architecture. The stack includes:

• Consensus
• Native oracles
• Verifiable randomness
• Automation
• Cross-chain communication
• AI-assisted threshold oracles
• MultiVM execution environments
• Parallel EVM execution

Each component is engineered as part of one system rather than a collection of subsystems. Supra aims to eliminate infrastructure friction and security gaps so developers can build without contending with latency, complexity, or brittle dependencies.

Status and next steps

Hydrangea++ is implemented on Supra’s global DevNet and has been benchmarked in production-level conditions. Mainnet integration is underway, and the technical specification is publicly available for peer review. Supra frames this shift as moving from designing around blockchain limitations to designing at the limit of physics itself.

The Internet’s physical limits are no longer restrictions. They are foundations.

About Supra

Supra is building blockchain infrastructure the way it should have been from the start: fast, integrated and out of your way. With Hydrangea++ powering a unified chain that includes native oracles, randomness, automation, MultiVM execution and autonomous DeFi primitives, Supra removes the friction between ideas and reality.

Learn more at Supra.com
Technical Docs: https://supra.com/documents/hydrangea-plus-plus.pdf
Media Contact: press@supra.com